numeric string to single digit array

Can anyone tell me how how to convert a string of integers into an array of single digit integers. i.e. "1223123" into ['1','2,','2','3','1,'2','3'] ? When I retreive a column of single digit integers I end up with a long string of numbers. I think PHP is seeing this as one whole number and therefore is not splitting or exploding it. I hope I am wrong in my thinking and there is a simple solution, though I am not seeing it. Can anyone help me?

Richard.


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

Richard Dunne wrote:
> Can anyone tell me how how to convert a string of integers into an array of single digit integers. i.e. "1223123" into ['1','2,','2','3','1,'2','3'] ?

$string = '12345';
$array = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++) {
$array[] = $string[$i];
}

I'm sure there's probably a better way but this is simple and easy to read.

> When I retreive a column of single digit integers I end up with a long string of numbers.

From a database or something? What does your code look like?

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Re: **{SPAM}** [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

Richard,

Someone might have a quicker/better way, but what about:


$numbers = '1223123';
$numberarray = str_split($numbers,1);
print_r($numberarray);
?>

Thanks,
--Dustin

Richard Dunne wrote:
> Can anyone tell me how how to convert a string of integers into an array of single digit integers. i.e. "1223123" into ['1','2,','2','3','1,'2','3'] ? When I retreive a column of single digit integers I end up with a long string of numbers. I think PHP is seeing this as one whole number and therefore is not splitting or exploding it. I hope I am wrong in my thinking and there is a simple solution, though I am not seeing it. Can anyone help me?
>
> Richard.
>
>
>


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

Please always CC the mailing list so others can learn and also
contribute answers.

Also please don't top-post as it makes it hard to follow discussions.

Richard Dunne wrote:
> I am using MySQL and retrieving a single column which consists of single digit integers. I have been doing a lot of chopping and changing of my code.
>
> $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";

What do you get if you run this query manually through phpmyadmin or a
similar tool?

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Re: numeric string to single digit array

Sorry for the top-posting, it's my mail client, not my design. I honestly have not even looked at myphpadmin much, using the CLI mostly.

----- Original Message -----
From: Chris
Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2008 0:53 am
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

>
> Please always CC the mailing list so others can learn and also
> contribute answers.
>
> Also please don't top-post as it makes it hard to follow discussions.
>
> Richard Dunne wrote:
> > I am using MySQL and retrieving a single column which consists
> of single digit integers. I have been doing a lot of chopping and
> changing of my code.
> >
> > $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
>
> What do you get if you run this query manually through phpmyadmin
> or a
> similar tool?
>
> --
> Postgresql & php tutorials
> http://www.designmagick.com/
>


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

Richard Dunne wrote:
> Sorry for the top-posting, it's my mail client, not my design. I honestly have not even looked at myphpadmin much, using the CLI mostly.

It's easy enough to click to another place in your mail client ;)

So what happens when you run that query manually?


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

----- Original Message -----
From: Chris
Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2008 2:18 am
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

> Richard Dunne wrote:
> > Sorry for the top-posting, it's my mail client, not my design.
> I honestly have not even looked at myphpadmin much, using the CLI
> mostly.
>
> It's easy enough to click to another place in your mail client ;)
>
> So what happens when you run that query manually?
>
>
> --
> Postgresql & php tutorials
> http://www.designmagick.com/

I ran this

$query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
$result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
$resultArray = str_split($result,1);
$count = count($resultArray);

As I have two rows in my table, count should, at least I hope, return a value of two, but it doesn't. It returns 1. From what I can assertain, str_split is seeing a two digit number and not splitting it into two single digit numbers.


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

> I ran this
>
> $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
> $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
> $resultArray = str_split($result,1);
> $count = count($resultArray);
>

Where's the fetch?

|$result = mysql_query("SELECT answer FROM answers WHERE studentID =
'A123456789';");
$count = 0;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
$count++;
}

|Of course you should count in the query if the result itself is not used:

|$result = mysql_query("SELECT COUNT(answer) AS nr_of_results FROM
answers WHERE studentID = 'A123456789';");
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
$count = $row['||nr_of_results||'];||
|
Evert

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Re: numeric string to single digit array

----- Original Message -----
From: Evert Lammerts
Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2008 3:12 pm
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

>
> > I ran this
> >
> > $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
> > $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
> > $resultArray = str_split($result,1);
> > $count = count($resultArray);
> >
>
> Where's the fetch?
>
> |$result = mysql_query("SELECT answer FROM answers WHERE studentID
> =
> 'A123456789';");
> $count = 0;
> while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
> $count++;
> }
>
> |Of course you should count in the query if the result itself is
> not used:
>
> |$result = mysql_query("SELECT COUNT(answer) AS nr_of_results FROM
> answers WHERE studentID = 'A123456789';");
> $row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
> $count = $row['||nr_of_results||'];||
> |
> Evert
>

PHP is telling me that the resource I am using for mysql_fetch_assoc is invalid:

$query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
$result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
$count=0;
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
{
$count++;
}
echo $count;



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Re: numeric string to single digit array

> PHP is telling me that the resource I am using for mysql_fetch_assoc is invalid:
>
> $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
> $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
> $count=0;
> while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
> {
> $count++;
> }
> echo $count;
>

Are you sure your database connection has been made?

$connection = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password')
or die(mysql_error());
etc..

If the connection is made alright, try:

$query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
$result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
$count=0;
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
{
$count++;
}
echo $count;





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Re: numeric string to single digit array

----- Original Message -----
From: Evert Lammerts
Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2008 3:39 pm
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

>
> > PHP is telling me that the resource I am using for
> mysql_fetch_assoc is invalid:
> >
> > $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
> > $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
> > $count=0;
> > while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
> > {
> > $count++;
> > }
> > echo $count;
> >
>
> Are you sure your database connection has been made?
>
> $connection = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user',
> 'mysql_password')
> or die(mysql_error());
> etc..
>
> If the connection is made alright, try:
>
> $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
> $result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
> $count=0;
> while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
> {
> $count++;
> }
> echo $count;
>
This is my code. The only error is at line 15 as I stated above.

1 2 DEFINE ("host","localhost");
3 DEFINE ("user","root");
4 DEFINE ("password","password");
5 DEFINE ("database","questions");
6
7 $connection=mysql_connect(host,user,password) or die ('Could not connect' .mysql_error() );
8
9 $dbConnect=mysql_select_db('questions',$connection);
10 if (!$dbConnect) {die ('Could not connect to database' . mysql_error() );}
11
12 $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
13 $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
14 $count=0;
15 while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
16 {
17 $count++;
18 }
19 echo $count;
20 ?>


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

> This is my code. The only error is at line 15 as I stated above.
>
> 1 > 2 DEFINE ("host","localhost");
> 3 DEFINE ("user","root");
> 4 DEFINE ("password","password");
> 5 DEFINE ("database","questions");
> 6
> 7 $connection=mysql_connect(host,user,password) or die ('Could not connect' .mysql_error() );
> 8
> 9 $dbConnect=mysql_select_db('questions',$connection);
> 10 if (!$dbConnect) {die ('Could not connect to database' . mysql_error() );}
> 11
> 12 $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
> 13 $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
> 14 $count=0;
> 15 while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
> 16 {
> 17 $count++;
> 18 }
> 19 echo $count;
> 20 ?>
>
>

Turn line 13 into
$result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());
, so leave out the connection parameter and append the die() function,
and see what error that produces.

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Re: numeric string to single digit array

----- Original Message -----
From: Evert Lammerts
Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2008 4:04 pm
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

>
> > This is my code. The only error is at line 15 as I stated above.
> >
> > 1 > > 2 DEFINE ("host","localhost");
> > 3 DEFINE ("user","root");
> > 4 DEFINE ("password","password");
> > 5 DEFINE ("database","questions");
> > 6
> > 7 $connection=mysql_connect(host,user,password) or die ('Could
> not connect' .mysql_error() );
> > 8
> > 9 $dbConnect=mysql_select_db('questions',$connection);
> > 10 if (!$dbConnect) {die ('Could not connect to database' .
> mysql_error() );}
> > 11
> > 12 $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID
> ='A123456789'";> 13 $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
> > 14 $count=0;
> > 15 while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
> > 16 {
> > 17 $count++;
> > 18 }
> > 19 echo $count;
> > 20 ?>
> >
> >
>
> Turn line 13 into
> $result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());
> , so leave out the connection parameter and append the die()
> function,
> and see what error that produces.
>

OK. Tried that and count comes back as 1.


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

Evert Lammerts wrote:
>
>> This is my code. The only error is at line 15 as I stated above.
>>
>> 1 >> 2 DEFINE ("host","localhost");
>> 3 DEFINE ("user","root");
>> 4 DEFINE ("password","password");
>> 5 DEFINE ("database","questions");
>> 6
>> 7 $connection=mysql_connect(host,user,password) or die ('Could not
>> connect' .mysql_error() );
>> 8
>> 9 $dbConnect=mysql_select_db('questions',$connection);
>> 10 if (!$dbConnect) {die ('Could not connect to database' .
>> mysql_error() );}
>> 11
>> 12 $query ="Select answer from answers where studentID ='A123456789'";
>> 13 $result = mysql_query($query,$connection);
>> 14 $count=0;
>> 15 while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
remove the semi-colon at the end of line 15
>> 16 {
>> 17 $count++;
>> 18 }
>> 19 echo $count;
>> 20 ?>
>>
>>
>
> Turn line 13 into
> $result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());
> , so leave out the connection parameter and append the die() function,
> and see what error that produces.
>


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Jason Gerfen

"I practice my religion
while stepping on your
toes..."
~The Ditty Bops

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Re: numeric string to single digit array

>
> OK. Tried that and count comes back as 1.
>

So your query returns only one record. Try

$query ="Select answer from answers";



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Re: numeric string to single digit array

On Mar 26, 2008, at 12:30 PM, Evert Lammerts wrote:
>>
>> OK. Tried that and count comes back as 1.
>
> So your query returns only one record. Try
>
> $query ="Select answer from answers";



Why not do a var_dump() on $result to verify that it
is a mysql result resource and then verify the count
of rows with: mysql_num_rows($result);

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Re: numeric string to single digit array

----- Original Message -----
From: Evert Lammerts
Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2008 4:30 pm
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

>
> >
> > OK. Tried that and count comes back as 1.
> >
>
> So your query returns only one record. Try
>
> $query ="Select answer from answers";
>
>
>
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>
>

Tried that as well and got the same result.
I tried "Select count(answer) as total from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
from the CLI and got total = 2 as a result.


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Re: numeric string to single digit array

> Tried that as well and got the same result.
> I tried "Select count(answer) as total from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
> from the CLI and got total = 2 as a result.
>

So, we got rid of the Invalid Resource error and we know that the
student id you use occurs in both rows in your table and that your query
works fine.

Did you get rid of the semicolon @ line 15 "while($row =
mysql_fetch_assoc($result));", as Jason suggested? Also, an:
error_reporting(E_ALL);
at the top of your code might help in backtracing.

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Re: numeric string to single digit array

----- Original Message -----
From: Evert Lammerts
Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2008 5:22 pm
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array

>
> > Tried that as well and got the same result.
> > I tried "Select count(answer) as total from answers where
> studentID='A123456789'";> from the CLI and got total = 2 as a
> result.
> >
>
> So, we got rid of the Invalid Resource error and we know that the
> student id you use occurs in both rows in your table and that your
> query
> works fine.
>
> Did you get rid of the semicolon @ line 15 "while($row =
> mysql_fetch_assoc($result));", as Jason suggested? Also, an:
> error_reporting(E_ALL);
> at the top of your code might help in backtracing.
>

The semi-colon is gone, although I didn't even notice it! I am using two different queries, one for count and the other to access the data itself. After running mysql_fetch_assoc, is foreach ok for accessing array members, or is there a more subtle approach?







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Re: numeric string to single digit array

> The semi-colon is gone, although I didn't even notice it! I am using two different queries, one for count and the other to access the data itself. After running mysql_fetch_assoc, is foreach ok for accessing array members, or is there a more subtle approach?
So it's working now? If it is, you won't need to do a separate COUNT()
query... you could use either a count / sizeof after fetching all the
data, or a mysql_num_rows call.

Foreach'll work fine, but in general I access the array's members by
their associated column name's. If you don't need the column names as
keys you can use mysql_fetch_row instead of mysql_fetch_assoc.

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Fwd: Re: numeric string to single digit array

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Using this extract from http://ie.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.foreach.php
Amaroq
09-Mar-2008 06:40
Even if an array has only one value, it is still an array and foreach will run it.

$arr[] = "I'm an array.";

if(is_array($arr))
{
foreach($arr as $val)
{
echo $val;
}
}
?>

The above code outputs:
I'm an array.
-------------------------------------
So if I use:

$query = "Select answer from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
$result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
{
foreach($row as $answer)
{
echo $answer . "\n";
}
}
I thought I would be able to print out each array element, but I am not getting any output. Has anyone got a better idea?

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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2008 18:22:53 +0100
From: Evert Lammerts
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array
In-reply-to: <10c44010d267.10d26710c440@o2.ie>
To: Richard Dunne
Cc: Chris , php-db@lists.php.net
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> Tried that as well and got the same result.
> I tried "Select count(answer) as total from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
> from the CLI and got total = 2 as a result.
>

So, we got rid of the Invalid Resource error and we know that the
student id you use occurs in both rows in your table and that your query
works fine.

Did you get rid of the semicolon @ line 15 "while($row =
mysql_fetch_assoc($result));", as Jason suggested? Also, an:
error_reporting(E_ALL);
at the top of your code might help in backtracing.


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Re: Re: numeric string to single digit array

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Not sure if this is relevant anymore, but...


> i.e. "1223123" into ['1','2,','2','3','1,'2','3'] ?

$num = "1223123";
$nums = array_filter(preg_split('//', $nums));


Or you can use this function.
It's probably better since the array_filter will probably get rid of any 0's
in the string.

function string_to_array($str) {
$arr = preg_split('//', $str);
array_shift($arr); // removing leading null from split
array_pop($arr); // remove training null from split
return $arr;
}


Or, if you just want the numbers from your student id (and you wanted only
numbers):

$num = "A123456789";
$nums = string_to_array(preg_replace("/[^0-9]+/", "", $nums));


- Jon L.



On Wed, Mar 26, 2008 at 1:35 PM, Richard Dunne
wrote:

> Using this extract from
> http://ie.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.foreach.php
> Amaroq
> 09-Mar-2008 06:40
> Even if an array has only one value, it is still an array and foreach will
> run it.
>
> > $arr[] = "I'm an array.";
>
> if(is_array($arr))
> {
> foreach($arr as $val)
> {
> echo $val;
> }
> }
> ?>
>
> The above code outputs:
> I'm an array.
> -------------------------------------
> So if I use:
>
> $query = "Select answer from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
> $result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
> while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
> {
> foreach($row as $answer)
> {
> echo $answer . "\n";
> }
> }
> I thought I would be able to print out each array element, but I am not
> getting any output. Has anyone got a better idea?
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Evert Lammerts
> To: Richard Dunne
> Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2008 18:22:53 +0100
> Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array
>
> > Tried that as well and got the same result.
> > I tried "Select count(answer) as total from answers where
> studentID='A123456789'";
> > from the CLI and got total = 2 as a result.
> >
>
> So, we got rid of the Invalid Resource error and we know that the
> student id you use occurs in both rows in your table and that your query
> works fine.
>
> Did you get rid of the semicolon @ line 15 "while($row =
> mysql_fetch_assoc($result));", as Jason suggested? Also, an:
> error_reporting(E_ALL);
> at the top of your code might help in backtracing.
>
>
> --
> PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/)
> To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
>

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Fwd: Re: Re: numeric string to single digit array

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Just as a aside to the list, by replying with "reply all" I was sending a reply to the original sender twice, individually and via the list with Cc so apologies to those concerned. If you want to send a reply to the sender and the list as well, then I suggest just forwarding to the list. I found I was getting the same message twice and so I am guessing were/are others, and since it is helpful to clue the list on any little nuances this might alleviate double hits, for anyone concerned.

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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2008 14:46:40 -0500
From: "Jon L."
Subject: Re: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array
In-reply-to: <11531e116d2a.116d2a11531e@o2.ie>
To: Richard Dunne
Cc: php-db@lists.php.net
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Not sure if this is relevant anymore, but...


> i.e. "1223123" into ['1','2,','2','3','1,'2','3'] ?

$num = "1223123";
$nums = array_filter(preg_split('//', $nums));


Or you can use this function.
It's probably better since the array_filter will probably get rid of any 0's
in the string.

function string_to_array($str) {
$arr = preg_split('//', $str);
array_shift($arr); // removing leading null from split
array_pop($arr); // remove training null from split
return $arr;
}


Or, if you just want the numbers from your student id (and you wanted only
numbers):

$num = "A123456789";
$nums = string_to_array(preg_replace("/[^0-9]+/", "", $nums));


- Jon L.



On Wed, Mar 26, 2008 at 1:35 PM, Richard Dunne
wrote:

> Using this extract from
> http://ie.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.foreach.php
> Amaroq
> 09-Mar-2008 06:40
> Even if an array has only one value, it is still an array and foreach will
> run it.
>
> > $arr[] = "I'm an array.";
>
> if(is_array($arr))
> {
> foreach($arr as $val)
> {
> echo $val;
> }
> }
> ?>
>
> The above code outputs:
> I'm an array.
> -------------------------------------
> So if I use:
>
> $query = "Select answer from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
> $result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
> while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
> {
> foreach($row as $answer)
> {
> echo $answer . "\n";
> }
> }
> I thought I would be able to print out each array element, but I am not
> getting any output. Has anyone got a better idea?
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Evert Lammerts
> To: Richard Dunne
> Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2008 18:22:53 +0100
> Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array
>
> > Tried that as well and got the same result.
> > I tried "Select count(answer) as total from answers where
> studentID='A123456789'";
> > from the CLI and got total = 2 as a result.
> >
>
> So, we got rid of the Invalid Resource error and we know that the
> student id you use occurs in both rows in your table and that your query
> works fine.
>
> Did you get rid of the semicolon @ line 15 "while($row =
> mysql_fetch_assoc($result));", as Jason suggested? Also, an:
> error_reporting(E_ALL);
> at the top of your code might help in backtracing.
>
>
> --
> PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/)
> To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
>

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Not sure if this is relevant anymore, but...


> i.e. "1223123" into ['1','2,','2','3','1,'2','3'] ?

$num = "1223123";
$nums = array_filter(preg_split('//', $nums));



Or you can use this function.
It's probably better since the array_filter will probably get rid of any 0's in the string.

function string_to_array($str) {
    $arr = preg_split('//', $str);

    array_shift($arr); // removing leading null from split
    array_pop($arr); // remove training null from split
    return $arr;
}


Or, if you just want the numbers from your student id (and you wanted only numbers):


$num = "A123456789";

$nums = string_to_array(preg_replace("/[^0-9]+/", "", $nums));


- Jon L.

Fwd: Re: numeric string to single digit array

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I did var_dump on the result resource and I got resource(5) of type (mysql result).

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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2008 12:42:07 -0400
From: Jeremy Mcentire
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] numeric string to single digit array
In-reply-to: <47EA7A31.9060606@gmail.com>
To: Evert Lammerts
Cc: Richard Dunne , Chris ,
php-db@lists.php.net
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On Mar 26, 2008, at 12:30 PM, Evert Lammerts wrote:
>>
>> OK. Tried that and count comes back as 1.
>
> So your query returns only one record. Try
>
> $query ="Select answer from answers";



Why not do a var_dump() on $result to verify that it
is a mysql result resource and then verify the count
of rows with: mysql_num_rows($result);


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Re: Fwd: Re: numeric string to single digit array

Richard Dunne wrote:
> Using this extract from http://ie.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.foreach.php
> Amaroq
> 09-Mar-2008 06:40
> Even if an array has only one value, it is still an array and foreach will run it.
>
> > $arr[] = "I'm an array.";
>
> if(is_array($arr))
> {
> foreach($arr as $val)
> {
> echo $val;
> }
> }
> ?>
>
> The above code outputs:
> I'm an array.
> -------------------------------------
> So if I use:
>
> $query = "Select answer from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
> $result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
> while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
> {
> foreach($row as $answer)
> {
> echo $answer . "\n";
> }
> }
> I thought I would be able to print out each array element, but I am not getting any output. Has anyone got a better idea?

Instead of using a foreach inside the while loop, just access the array
key directly. The name of the key is the name of the column (or alias)
from your query.

It should be simply:

$query = "Select answer from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
$result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
{
print_r($row);
echo "Answer is ", $row['answer'], "\n";
}

If a result set has no results (ie your query does not return anything -
there are no matching rows), then php won't actually get into the while
loop.

You can see how many rows are returned by using:

$query = "Select answer from answers where studentID='A123456789'";
$result = mysql_query($query,$connection) or die(mysql_error());
$number_of_results = mysql_num_rows($result);


Though I suggest only doing this for small result sets - otherwise mysql
has to actually process all of the query results which are then stored
in memory on the server.

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